中国老年人长期护理意愿与需求探究——基于城市住户抽样调查分析

A probe into long-term care willingness and needs of the elderly in China:Based on sample survey of urban households

老年人患病、失能或部分失能人群持续增加,有必要加强老年人长期护理需求与意愿的调查分析。本文基于2016—2018年'中国城市老年人长期照护服务需求调查'数据,分析了老年人长期护理意愿与需求。结果显示:老年人长期护理需求增加,尤其生活照料护理需求较强,对机构或社区护理接受度较高;不同城市老年人对长期护理需求存在差异,北京市老年人长期护理需求最为迫切;随着年龄的增长,老年人对于长期护理需求增加,选择去社区或机构的意愿性增强。民族、婚姻、居住状态、失独、生育以及宗教信仰不同的老年人对长期护理需求与意愿存在差异。影响老年人长期照护需求的主要因素包括:一是身体因素。老年人身体机能逐渐下降,影响老年人的日常生活,长期护理需求增强。二是经济因素。老年人经济水平提高,获得机构或社区长期护理能力加强。三是家庭因素。老年人失能或部分失能会显著增加家庭成员的负担,老年人会倾向于选择机构或社区护理。四是观念因素。去社区或机构养老被认为'不孝'的观念逐渐淡化,人们对社区或机构接受程度增加。

With the increase of illness,disability and partial disability in the elderly.It is necessary to strengthen the investigation and analysis of the needs and willingness of long-term care for the elderly.Based on data of'China Urban Elderly Long-term Care Service Needs Survey'in 2016 to2018,this paper analyzes the long-term care willingness and needs of elderly.The results show:First,the need for long-term care for the elderly has increased,especially for the need of life care,and the willingness to accept institutional or community care has also increased.Second,there are differences in the long-term needs of the elderly in different cities.The long-term care needs of the elderly in Beijing are most,especially for the need of life care.Third,as the age increases,the elderly’s demand for long-term care increases,and the willingness to go to the community or institution is enhanced.In addition,there is a difference in the long-term care needs and willingness of the elderly with different ethnic,marital status,residence status,status of independence,fertility,and religious beliefs.The main factors affecting the long-term care needs of the elderly include:One is the physical factor.The physical function of elderly people who are sick,disabled or partially disabled will gradually decline,which will affect the daily life of the elderly and increase the long-term needs of the elderly.The second is economic factor.As the economic level of the elderly increases,the ability to choose institutions or community care will increase.The third is the family factor.The elderly who are disabled or partially disabled will significantly increase the burden on other members of the family.They will tend to choose institutional or community care.The fourth is the ideological issues.The idea that the elderly go to the community or institutional pension is considered to be'unfilial'gradually fades.People’s acceptance of communities or institutions has increased.