中国民营制造企业如何构建动态能力——基于吉利汽车的案例研究

How Was the Dynamic Capability Constructed in China’s Private Manufacturing Enterprises?A Case Study of Geely Auto

动态能力对于中国民营制造企业适应环境变化,持续保持竞争优势至关重要。然而中国民营制造企业如何构建动态能力,尚未得到学界的充分认识。本研究在引入日本制造企业动态能力构建机制研究框架的基础上,通过中国吉利汽车的单案例分析研究,探索并尝试阐释了中国民营制造企业动态能力的构建机制:由于企业先期经验、资金、技术等资源积累不足,组织内外环境变化加剧,组织计划的不确定性增加,非计划突发应对式动态能力发展路径成为主导;由于企业'感知、补足、重构'过程时间缩短和员工离职率偏高,动态能力主体范围缩小并集中于组织忠诚度较高的多样职能背景出身的高层管理者;同时需要强化组织外部支持,建立全职能对接式产学联盟,在员工入职前培养中层和基层员工的组织常规能力,从而支持组织基本职能的运行。本研究有助于深入理解中国民营制造企业的组织特征,构建东方特色企业治理理论,对于中国民营制造企业动态能力的提升具有一定的指导意义。

Dynamic capabilities are crucial for China’s private manufacturing enterprises to adapt to environmental changes and maintain their level of competitiveness.However,no thorough conclusions have been drawn as to how to cultivate dynamic capabilities,adapt to the increasingly complicated environment,and maintain competitive edges for China’s private manufacturing enterprises that lack management experience and adequate operational resources.Basing on the literature review about the'function-based theories'that cover the definition,elements,and dimensions of dynamic capabilities and the'formation-based theories'that include the organizational learning and leadership impact during the development of dynamic capabilities,this study introduces the study framework of the dynamic capability building mechanism in Japan’s manufacturing enterprises,followed by an exploration and interpretation of the building mechanism of dynamic capabilities in China’s private manufacturing enterprises,which was done via interviews with the staff of Geely Automobile and industrial insiders from 2012 to 2018.The findings suggest that the dynamic capability building paths in China’s private manufacturing enterprises are mostly unplanned and responsive.Builders of dynamic capabilities are limited to senior managers with diverse functional backgrounds.External support from fully functional industrial-academic alliances also help to guarantee the smooth operation of basic organizational functions,whereas inadequate experience,capital and technology support,frequently environmental changes increase the uncertainties of organizational plans,which leads to an unplanned and responsive dynamic capability development path.The limited time for sensing,seizing and transferring,as well as the high employee dismissal rate narrow the builders of dynamic capabilities down to the loyal senior managers with diverse functional backgrounds.External support from fully functional industrial-academic alliances also helps to train the basic organizational capabilities of the middle-level and grass-roots staff,thus supporting the operation of basic organizational functions.To conclude,the main contribution of this study can be reflected in:Firstly,the consideration of factors such as organizational learning and leadership,and the systematic interpretation of the building mechanism of dynamic capabilities from such aspects as the building path,the personnel assigned to accomplish such task,and the organizational features,which have further enriched the research on the'formation-based theories'in accordance with dynamic capabilities;Secondly,the comparative study on the dynamic capability building mechanisms adopted by enterprises in China and Japan,and the introduction of the subsequent conclusions into the context of developing private manufacturing enterprises in China,both of which efforts can be considered as not only significant in terms of providing actual and practical guidelines,but also beneficial for deepening the understanding of the organizational characteristics of China’s private manufacturing enterprises to help to establish corporate governance theories with oriental characteristics.