工作场所感恩研究述评与展望

Gratitude in Workplace: A Literature Review and Prospects

劳资关系紧张、不道德行为泛滥和员工职业健康受威胁等问题反映出追逐利益对人类美德的挑战。作为'美德之源',感恩有助于解决这些问题。本文阐述了感恩的内涵,整理了感恩在工作情境中的测量工具,并依据特质感恩和状态感恩两条线索对组织管理领域的感恩研究进行了回顾。研究表明,领导的特质感恩正向影响领导行为和领导效果,员工的特质感恩正向影响工作行为和职业健康;员工的状态感恩被组织因素和人际因素激发,并通过其互惠动机和亲社会动机影响人际关系和工作绩效。最后,本文指出管理学中感恩研究的不足和未来研究方向。

Gratitude in workplace refers to employees’lasting and stable positive emotional evaluation of their work and organization due to their benefits from work under certain circumstances.The emergence of problems in workplace like labor unrest,unethical behavior,and threatened occupational health reflects the challenge of interest to human virtues.As the source of human virtues,gratitude could help to solve these problems.On the basis of previous research,this article gives an introduction to the concept of workplace gratitude,presents the measurement scales,and reviews the gratitude research in management domain in the light of trait gratitude and state gratitude.The research indicates that leaders’trait gratitude is positively related to leader behaviors and positive outcomes,and employees’trait gratitude is beneficial to their job performance and occupational health.Employees’state gratitude is aroused by organizational and relational factors,and in turn positively influences their interpersonal relations and job performance through reciprocal motivation and prosocial motivation.At last,the paper presents future research directions.