芬兰中小学专业化学生指导与咨询:缘起、路径及启示

Professional Guidance and Counseling in Finnish K-12 Schools: Origin, Paths and Implications

芬兰中小学学生指导与咨询在促进学生个性化成长、促进芬兰学校教育体系高效运行、促进社会平稳发展方面发挥着重要作用。从上世纪70年代起,芬兰通过提供制度保障、制定学生指导与咨询的国家标准、构建全员参与的学生指导与咨询模式以及重视学校辅导员的专业化培养等多重路径,推动了中小学学生指导与咨询不断朝向专业化发展。我国学生发展指导制度的建构可以参考芬兰经验,发挥政策的引导作用,明确学生发展指导的专业地位;重视培养专业师资;重视学生的关键发展阶段,开发科学的学生发展指导大纲。

Guidance and counseling in Finnish K-12 schools are regarded as the outstanding advantage of its education system,and play an important role in promoting the individualized growth of students,the efficient operation of education systems,and the stable development of society.Since the 1970 s,Finland has promoted the professionalization of student guidance and counseling by providing the institutional guarantee,developing national guidelines,constructing the whole-school participation model,and training school counselors.Finland’s experience might provide perspectives and experience for our country.In the process of building our country’s student development guidance system,we should pay attention to policy guidance and clarify the professional status of student development guidance;develop the teams of professional school counselors;and pay attention to the key stages of students’development and develop scientific guidelines for student development guidance.