教育过程公平的三重进路

Three Approaches to Equity of Educational Process

基于教育的不同侧面,教育过程公平存在排除外部侵扰、调配教育资源、优化教育品性三重进路。其中,排除外部侵扰进路强调能力主义在教育中的主导地位,侧重于从教育制度和教师专业德性两个方面防止和排除外部集团和个体对教育过程的不当侵扰。调配教育资源进路针对教育过程中各种教育资源的分配不公问题,基于罗尔斯的正义论体系建立以平等原则、差别原则和补偿原则为主体的分配框架。优化教育品性进路关注源于蔑视和压迫的教育不公,强调正视和承认学生的真实存在,构建以尊重、关怀和超越为精神内核的教育形态。这三重进路根本上相互联系、互为支撑,共同推动教育过程公平的发展。

There are three approaches to equity of educational process based on different aspects of education:excluding external intrusion,distributing educational resources,and optimizing educational quality.The approach of excluding external intrusion emphasizes the dominant position of capability in education and prevents the improper intrusion of external groups and individuals on the educational process through the educational system and professional ethics of teachers.The approach of distributing educational resources focuses on the inequity of educational resources distribution and sets up the distribution framework with the principle of equity,differentiation,and compensation based on John Rawls’s theory of justice.The approach of optimizing educational quality pays attention to educational injustice from contempt and oppression,emphasizes and acknowledges the existence of students,and strives for an educational form with spiritual cores of respect,care,and transcendence.Since these approaches are fundamentally interrelated and supportive with each other,we should twist them into a rope for the greatest power to facilitate the equity of educational process.