美国近年来基础教育政策述评

Comments on the American Basic Education Policies in Recent Years

奥巴马在2009年担任总统之时,美国正遭受经济危机的困扰。为了解决基础教育在世界排名落后的现状,强化联邦政府在教育管理中的主导地位,奥巴马巧借'救市',为基础教育投入巨额资金。之后,他启动了'竞争卓越'计划和'尊重项目',颁布了美国首部《州共同核心课程标准》。执政八年期间,他尤为重视STEM教育以及师资的培养与招募。他还签署《每一个学生成功法案》来代替《不让一个孩子掉队法》,最终让教育的管理权由联邦转移到地方。目前,'竞争卓越'计划已有18个州获得资助,《州共同核心课程标准》也有40多个州采用,其他教育政策也正按照预订的计划在实施之中。作为奥巴马的继任者,特朗普反对联邦政府教育的主导地位,对奥巴马的教育政策多持否定的态度。

When Barack Obama became president in 2009,the United States was suffering from the economic crisis.In order to change the poor situation of basic education regarding world rankings and strengthen the role of federal government in educational management,Under the cover of'rescuing the market',President Obama invested a large amount of money in basic education.He then launched the Race to the Top plan and RESPECT project and was the first to issue the Common Core State Standards.During his eight-year presidency,he placed particular emphasis on STEM education and the training and recruitment of teachers.He also signed the Every Student Succeeds Act to take the place of the No Child Left Behind Act,shifting the federal power of educational management to local governments in the end.So far,there are 18 states that have been funded by Race to the Top and more than 40 states that have adopted the Common Core State Standards.Other policies are being put into effect according to the preconcert plan.As Obama’s successor,Trump opposed the dominant position of the federal government and held a negative attitude towards Obama’s education policies.