诱导性细节对学生深度学习的负面影响及其理论解释

The Negative Impact of Seductive Details on Students’ Deep Learning and Its Theoretical Explanations

诱导性细节是指出现在学习过程中的有趣但与学习目标无关的信息。该研究通过对实证类文献的分析发现,大多数研究显示诱导性细节会通过注意力的分散、不恰当图式的干扰、连贯性的打断以及工作记忆的超负荷对学习者理解、运用、迁移知识等深度学习产生负面影响,少数研究表明诱导性细节不会让学生学习(如记忆等)产生显著差异;诱导性细节对学生深度学习的不同作用机制可以通过分心、中断与偏离假设及认知负荷理论得到解释。鉴于诱导性细节对学生高阶学科能力产生负面影响,本研究建议,为促进学生深度学习,教师应该在教学中尽量避免诱导性细节。

Seductive details refer to interesting information that appears in the learning process but is unrelated to the learning objective.Reviewing related empirical literature,this study found that most studies showed that seductive details have a negative impact on students’deep learning including their ability of understanding,applying and transferring knowledge through the distraction of attention,interference of inappropriate schemata,interruption of coherence,or overloading working memory.However,a few studies showed that seductive details do not impact students’learning(e.g.,retention).The seductive details effect can be explained by the distraction hypothesis,the disruption hypothesis,the diversion hypothesis,and cognitive load theory.In light of the negative impact of seductive details on students’higher-order subject competence,the study suggests that teachers should avoid seductive details in their teaching in order to promote students’deep learning.