新南非教育学院的合并及其影响

On the Incorporation of Colleges of Education into Higher Education Institutions in South Africa

1994年,新南非政府成立后,开始在教师教育体系中废除种族隔离制度。为解决南非独立教育学院管理制度碎片化、办学质量不高、效率低下、毕业生供过于求等问题,南非教育部在1997-2001年,对独立教育学院实施了并入大学或理工学院的政策。通过合并,南非政府完成了教师教育的大学化。但这为南非农村小学师资短缺埋下了隐患,导致南非农村小学教师质量下降、数量严重不足。为此,南非政府颁布了多项激励教师教育发展的政策,但收效甚微。这些经验和教训对解决我国师范教育布局调整后乡村教师队伍存在的数量与质量问题,有一定的启发意义。

After Apartheid was dismantled in South Africa in 1994,the newly electedgovernment planned to abolish Apartheid in teacher education system. In order to solves theproblems that the teacher education management system was compartmentalized,and anumber of colleges of education were inefficiency and in low quality,and the supply of grad-uates exceeded demand a lot,the national Department of Education implemented the policyof shutting down or merging colleges of education into universities or technikons from 1997 to 2001. Through the merger process,the South African government completed the unver-sitization of teacher education,but patently resulted in the serious shortage of teachers inthe foundation stage of rural primary schools,and the decline of quality of rural primaryschool teachers. After that,the South African government promulgated some policies to en-courage the development of teacher education,but with little success. This has great signifi-cance to reflect on the problem of the quality of rural teachers brought on by the adjustmentdistribution of normal education institutions in China.