比较教育中的教育政策转移理论——对大卫·菲利普斯教育政策借鉴理论的反思

Study on Educational Policy Transfer in Comparative Education——Reflection Based on the Theoretical Model of Educational Policy Borrowing Proposed by David Phillips

教育政策转移是比较教育研究领域的一个核心主题,指一国通过教育政策输入,另一国通过教育政策输出,共同将一项教育政策经过改造和调整纳入到输入国教育战略并付诸实施的双向互动过程。大卫·菲利普斯和金伯利·奥克斯提出的教育政策借鉴理论为教育政策转移研究提供了重要基础。然而,随着教育全球化和国际化的不断发展,教育政策输出者的角色越来越不容忽视,仅仅依靠教育政策输入者的单向引进是不能实现高质量的教育政策转移的。这一教育政策借鉴理论已经无法涵盖教育政策转移的全部内容,亟待得到更新与改进。因此,在对教育政策转移进行研究时,应该将教育政策转移输出者的主体地位纳入考虑范围;与教育政策借鉴四步模型相对应,教育政策输出也应遵循跨国影响、辅助、科学伴随和借鉴回归四步路径;走历史功能主义道路,持有普遍性与特殊性共存的认识论基础。比较教育应该充分发挥其在教育政策转移过程中的巨大潜力,进而推进教育国际化的发展。

The transferring of educational policy,one of the core themes in comparative education research,refers to the bilateral and interactive process that an educational policy is adapted and adjusted into the educational strategy and put into practice with one country borrowing and the other lending. David Phillips and Kimberly Ochs proposed a theoretical model of educational policy borrowing at the beginning of this century,providing a solid foundation for the educational policy borrowing. However,the role of the educational policy lender can’t be ignored any more,and it is far from enough to just depend on the oneway introduction of the educational policy borrower. The four-stage model of educational policy borrowing can no longer cover all the contents of educational policy transfer with the development of globalization and educational internalization,and it is in urgent need to be upgraded and improved. Therefore,researches on the educational policy transfer must take into consideration the policy lender in the transferring of educational policy;follow crossnational influence,assistance,scientific accompanying、reversed borrowing these four stages of the policy lending;adopt the epistemological benchmark of historical functionalism,supporting the coexistence between universality and particularity. It is time for comparative education to further stimulate its potential when engaging in the educational policy transfer and then promote the development of education internalization in the new era.