政治符号、宣传与隐晦的政治表达:中国邮票图像中的政治蕴涵演进

Political Symbols,Propaganda and Obscure Political Expression:The Political Implication Evolution in the Image of Chinese Stamps

邮票作为一种将信息内容、渠道与受众有机结合为一体的图像传播媒介和政府主导发行的有价经济凭证,从诞生伊始就自然形成了高度的政治意义,邮票图像的政治传播功能也远远早于它的文化、艺术和审美功能。在140年的中国邮票发行史中,邮票的图像政治传播功能也经历了一个从简单到丰富的演进历程。晚清由于封建王权的诸多禁锢,邮票的政治传播功能仅仅局限为政权的符号象征;中华民国创立之后,政府在延续邮票图像政治符号功能的同时,宣传功能也开始萌芽、发展,之后由于多个割据政权的并存,这些政权充分利用邮票这一媒介进一步强化了其图像宣传功能;中华人民共和国成立以后,在"中国共产党基本的工作方法"思想指导下,邮票图像的宣传功能发挥到了极致,成为传播党和国家政治、经济、外交、文化、意识形态等各领域方针、政策、路线的有力媒介;改革开放以后,中国国家政策转为以经济建设为中心,为了满足人民日益增长的精神文化需要,邮票的文化、艺术功能开始全面发展和繁荣,但这并不意味着邮票的政治传播功能减弱或消弭,而是演绎为一种具有更加成熟政治语义的图像媒介。

As a kind of securities which combines the information,channel and audiences,stamps have naturally formed a high political significance.The political communication function of stamp images is far earlier than its cultural,artistic and aesthetic functions.In the 140-year history of Chinese stamp issuance,the political communication function of stamp images has also experienced a process of evolvement from simple to rich.Due to the restrictions of feudal monarchy in the late Qing dynasty,the political communication function of stamps was limited to the symbol of the regime.After the founding of the ROC,the government continued the function of political symbols of stamps,and meanwhile,the function of propaganda began to germinate and develop.Because of the coexistence of several separatist regimes,these regimes made full use of stamps as a media to further strengthen their image propaganda function.After the founding of the PRC,under the guiding ideology of"the basic working methods of the CCP",the propaganda function of the stamp images has been brought into full play and become a powerful media for communicating the policies of the Party and the state in the fields of politics,economy,diplomacy,culture and ideology.After the reform and opening up,China's policy has turned to economic construction as the center.In order to meet the people's growing spiritual and cultural needs,the cultural and artistic functions of stamps have begun to develop and prosper in an all-round way.However,this does not mean that the political communication function of stamps has been weakened or diminished,but deduced into a more mature politics media.