宋代邸报读者特点及其影响

The Characteristic and Impact of Dibao Readers in Song Dynasty

宋代邸报读者大体上可分为基本读者和扩散型读者。基本读者拥有固定衙司和具体差遣,拥有法定的邸报接收、阅读权,具体包括中央各部门和路、州、县、镇等地方各衙司的在职官员。扩散型读者是借助工作之便或依靠人际关系而获得邸报阅读机会,具体包括部分致仕官员、官员亲属、吏胥、在野知识分子等。没有被剥夺差遣的犯官属于基本读者,已经被剥夺差遣的犯官属于扩散型读者。宋代邸报读者群体的数量是相对庞大的,涵盖了当时主要的政治、文化精英。在此方面,宋代不仅令唐、五代难以望其项背,也足令元、明、清无法与其媲美。宋代邸报读者群数量的庞大和消费能力的稳定性成为小报诞生、发展的促成因素,而其阶层特点又成为当时舆论监督效果提升的保障性因素。

In the Song Dynasty,readers can be roughly divided into basic readers and diffuse readers.The basic readers have fixed divisions and specific assignments,and have the legal right to receive and read,including the incumbent officials of various departments in the central government,Lus,states,counties,and towns. Diversified readers get the opportunity to read and report by means of work or relying on interpersonal relationships,including some retired officials,relatives of officials,Xuli,and intellectuals out of power. Offenders who have not been deprived of sentiment belong to the basic readers,and those who have been deprived of sentiment are classified as diversified readers. The number of readers in the Song Dynasty was relatively large,covering the major political and cultural elites of the time. In this respect,the Song Dynasty not only made it difficult for the Tang and Five Dynasties to catch up with,but also made it impossible for the Yuan,Ming and Qing to compete with it. The huge number of readers in the Song Dynasty and the stability of consumption power have become the contributing factors for the birth and development of Xiaobao,and their class characteristics have become the guarantee factor for the improvement of effect of public opinion supervision.