中国新闻史研究的重校:马克思主义历史观视野下的新闻事业与社会发展

Recalibration of the History of Modern Chinese Journalism:The Dynamics of Social Development and Journalism from Marxist Views of History

改革开放以来,中国新闻史研究的基本范式有怎样的特征?如何历史地、审慎地讨论这些特征产生的语境和发展脉络,以及主导研究范式所共享的研究假设和其中潜藏的偏差?从上述问题意识出发,基于对代表性文献的整理与研究,对学界围绕"中国新闻史该如何研究"的主导话语进行症候式的阅读,梳理了近40年以来中国新闻史研究者寻找学术主体性的基本方向与主要思路,即恢复被遮蔽的"报刊自身的历史"。从认识论的角度,将既有研究成果中业已达成共识的历史叙述视为一套需要加以反思的话语体系,同时将未被学术共同体给予充分重视的一些批判性思考并置于聚光灯下,尝试揭示研究者们在重建学术主体性的探索过程中潜藏的认知盲区和理论误区,即中国新闻史研究中的"政治无意识"。在此基础上,通过对现有研究成果中的几个典型阐释框架——"跨文化交流论""西方文明论""告别革命论""告别民族国家论"——给予理论反思,旨在剖析知识结构中未经充分检视的"西方主义"心态对历史认知的遮蔽效果。从文化去殖民化的角度,着重探讨了研究者如何在重新认识"东方"同时也是重新认识"西方"的基础上,对知识结构和研究视野进行重校,即沿着"人的解放"和"全球正义"这一主题,在新闻事业自身发展的历史与被压迫民族独立解放的历史的交相辉映中,找回新闻史研究的学术主体性。

What is the main characteristics of the leading paradigm of study on the history of modern Chinese journalism since 1978? This question is related to the historical and critical discussion on the academic atmosphere in which the leading paradigm has gradually prevailed,and the hypothesis and precondition shared with researchers in which the unperceived deviation has simultaneously existed.To answer this question,the dominant discourse concerning how to study Chinese journalism has been analyzed symptomatically in the first part of this article,which based on a review of representative literature,on the purpose to clarify the direction and path of the reconstruction of the subjectivity pursued by the academic community during the recent 40 years.In the second part,the overlooked theoretical criticism has been intentionally discussed to throw light on the blind area and paradox of the strong accent on the methodology of 'history of the journalism on its own',and to bring light to political unconsciousness of the existing historical narratives of modern Chinese journalism.Moreover,some representative frames of interpretation,for instance,intercultural communication,superiority of western cultures,de-revolution or post-revolution,and ' rescuing history from the nation',has been analyzed to reveal the Eurocentric within one’s knowledge structure which has hided historical cognition from view.All these symptoms are tip of the iceberg of sequelae of colonization hidden in one’s mind.Accordingly,the significance of the recalibration of the structure and perspective in future study has been investigated in the view of cultural decolonization in the final part of this article.In conclusion,the history of modern Chinese journalism has deeply linked with the history of national liberation and national independence.The conception of human emancipation and global justice is essential to the reconstruction of the subjectivity.