“新型记者”:重访群众路线的一段历史现场

"The New Journalist":Revisiting a Historical Scene of the Mass Line

"新型记者"是延安新闻传统的一个关键问题,亟待深入的学理化探究。尝试从内在于"延安"的视野,展示"新型记者"的复杂内涵。研究认为,整风改版树立了一种"新的新闻事业",党报被定义为群众路线中政党与群众交往互动的桥梁纽带,新闻工作也溢出技术专业的界限,成为先锋队教育、动员和组织群众的有效中介,从而与解放政治的历史进程深度关联起来。新的新闻范式要求相应的职业伦理与行为规范,呼唤一种与社会民众密切结合的"新型记者"的诞生,亦即葛兰西意义上的"有机知识分子"。延安时期中共发明创造了一整套培育"新型记者"的体系模式,新闻工作者经历了从无冕之王到人民公仆的艰难转变。"新型记者"的理论与实践在群众路线的逻辑中展现了新闻业的丰富意涵,有助于当代新闻从业者打破市场化、专业化新闻业的刻板想象,在一种更广阔的历史与政治格局中来重新理解新闻的社会角色以及新闻人的职业追求。

The theory and practice of ' the new journalist',which needs more academic inquiries,is a key issue of the Yan’an journalistic tradition.From an interior angle of view,this paper attempts to articulate the complex connotation of ' the new journalist'.The study finds that the rectification and relaunch of the party newspaper established ' a new journalism career',in which the party newspaper was defined as the bridge and link for the interaction between the party and the mass in the practice of the mass line.In this way,the journalism overflew the boundary of a technical expertise and became an effective mediator for the vanguard party to educate,mobilize,and organize the mass,closely related to the historical process of the emancipatory politics.The new paradigm of journalism required concordant professional ethics and behavioral norms,calling for a kind of ' new journalist' closely combined with the grass-roots.The Chinese Communist Party invented and implemented a full set of remolding procedure,and successfully achieved the objective of raising the ' organic intellectuals' in the sense of Antonio Gramsci.As the result of that,the journalistic intellectuals of the party newspaper went through the tough transformation from the uncrowned king to the public servant.The notion of ' the new journalist' represented a complicated connotation of the journalism in the logic of mass line,which is beneficial to break through the visional limitation shaped by the stereotyped imagination of the market-oriented and professional journalism,bringing about a re-understanding of journalism within a wider historical and political context.