列宁新闻思想中的方法论特质及其表达

The Methodological Idiosyncrasy of Lenin's Thoughts on News Propaganda and It's Expression

马克思主义新闻学研究,不仅要注重其指导新闻传播实践的方法论功能,也要对其研究方法进行更深入和更清晰的探讨。这需要新闻传播学者做好功课,梳理马克思主义新闻学经典文献,理清马克思主义经典作家审视新闻宣传工作时到底用了哪种研究方法,在什么情况下运用了这种研究方法,建构马克思主义新闻学研究的"工具箱"。对列宁在俄国社会民主党创建时期有关新闻宣传工作的5篇经典文献进行文本分析,可以发现,列宁在阐述其新闻思想时运用了革命的现实性思维方法,以实际问题为导向、明确建党目标、探寻解决方案、规划具体任务,探讨了利用党报完成建党工作和推进革命工作的必要性和可行性。在叙述方法上,这些文献体现了实际效用性文本的特征,即始终在方法领域展开论述、为论述设置清晰的语境、理论与实际相结合。这些发现可以为探究马克思主义经典作家审视新闻宣传工作时的基本方法提供功课性质的材料。

In the researches of Marxist Journalism,we should not only pay attention to its function in methodology to instructing the news-communicating practice,but also discuss the research methodology on itself more deeply and more expressly.Therefore,journalism and communication scholars should work better to sort out the classical literature of Marxist journalism,find out what research methods are used for Marxist classical writers in some circumstances to examine the work of Journalism and publicity,and build the'toolbox'of Marxist journalism research.This thesis analyses five classical documents of Lenin’s journalism and publicity work during the founding of the Russian Social Democratic Party.It is found that Lenin used revolutionary realistic thinking method in explaining his journalism thoughts,guided by practical problems,made clear the goal of building the Party,explored solutions and planned specific tasks,and discussed the necessity and feasibility of how to use Party newspapers to complete the work of building the Party and promote the revolutionary career.In terms of narrative methods,these documents embody the characteristics of practical utility texts,that is,they always discuss in the field of methods,set clear contexts for discussion,and combine theories with practice.These findings provide referenced materials for exploring the basic methods used by Marxist classical writers to examine the work of news publicity.