推动城市社区参与的在线微观公共领域——一个业主微信群的实证研究

Online Mini-publics Promotes Urban Community Participation——An Empirical Study of a Owners' WeChat Group

业主微信群是公共领域这一抽象概念的具体化,也是基层社区协商民主有待开拓的新型空间。以居民的社区参与为切入点,以城市社区广泛存在的社区新媒介——业主微信群为对象,借鉴微观公共领域的理论视角,以达尔格伦媒介公共性三向度理论为具体框架,从结构、表征、互动三个层面考察H小区业主微信群的公共性表征,试图以此观察其在促进居民参与、推动社区自治方面的作用。研究发现,业主微信群为居民广泛参与社区事务提供了平台,参与者围绕社区公共事务和业主利益密切相关的问题进行广泛的讨论和协商,在多元表达的基础上形成共识,实现了社区层面信息的"可见"和意见的"可辩",并以此构建了共同体意识。以业主微信群为平台,参与者之间、参与者与物业公司、社区居委会等主体进行线上线下的交往和互动,这种互动体现了社区新媒介从个人赋权、社区赋权到政治体系赋权的过程,促使权力从基层政府向普通居民、社区转移,实现了公共领域边界的拓展,又进一步促进了居民的社区参与。传播技术的发展和国家社区治理现实需求在特定情况下的结合,构成了业主微信群这一社区层面微观公共领域存在的基础。作为居民自办并鼓励参与的社区草根媒介,业主微信群虽然力量弱小,但其发展打破了社区场域国家和社会的界限,推动了社区参与,促进了居民自我管理和自我服务,完善了多元主体共同参与的社区治理格局。

Owner’s WeChat group is the embodiment of the abstract concept of the public domain,and it is also a new space for the grassroots community to negotiate democracy.This study takes residents’community participation as the entry point,and takes the community’s new medium,the owner’s WeChat group,as the object,and draws on the theoretical perspective of the micro-public domain,with the Dahlgren media publicity three-dimensional theory as the specific framework.From the three levels of structure,representation and interaction,the publicity representation of the WeChat group of H community owners was investigated,in order to observe its role in promoting residents’participation and promoting community autonomy.The study finds that the WeChat group has provided a platform for residents to participate in community affairs.The participants have discussed and negotiated issues related to community public affairs and owners’interests,and formed consensus on the basis of multiple expressions to achieve community-level information,and built the community consciousness.Taking the WeChat group as the platform,the participants and the participants and the community’s main body interact online and offline.This interaction reflects the new media of the community from personal empowerment,community empowerment to the political system empowerment.The process of empowerment promotes the transfer of power from the grassroots government to ordinary residents and communities,realizing the expansion of the public domain boundary,and further promoting the community participation of residents.The combination of the development of communication technology and the actual needs of national community governance in specific situations constitutes the foundation of the micro-public domain of the community-based WeChat group.As a grassroots media for residents to organize and encourage participation,although the WeChat group has weak in strength,but its development breaks the boundaries between the community and the society in the community,promotes community participation,promotes self-management and self-service,and improves diversity,ameliorates the community governance pattern in which the main body participates.