媒介学中的系谱学迹线——试析德布雷的方法论

Genealogical Traces in Régis Debray's Mediology: A Methodological Analysis

在研究人类社会的传播技术与文化关系方面,法国学者雷吉斯·德布雷(Régis Debray)的"媒介学"在中外传播学界产生了广泛的影响,为技术媒介和社会的互动关系研究开辟了新的思路。在此背景下,本研究采用历史实证主义方法,通过对媒介学思维路径的分析,试图把握媒介学的方法论逻辑。研究发现,德布雷的媒介学揭示了技术创新的文化建构效果,即微观主体借助技术策略和话语战术构建宏大的(宗教)话语叙事(如基督教),在方法论具有深深的福柯的系谱学烙印,凸显话语体制的历史性问题。研究认为德布雷媒介学所关注的象征性和技术物质性构合问题具有明显的"话语和权力"理论痕迹,其把话语实践与非话语实践互动模式挪用到文化史和技术史相关性的研究中,揭示了基于技术支撑基础上的象征性微观建构过程,即高级社会职能(如宗教、意识形态、艺术、政治等)和技术支撑(被组织的物质技术与被物质化的组织)的互动机能,二者不能彼此独立存在。媒介学不仅开辟一种传播学媒介效果研究的新途径,而且展现了"话语与权力"理论的阐释潜力。

In the field of study on the relation between technology and culture,Régis Debray is famous for her influences at the international scene by opening a new way to analyze the interactions between society and media technologies.In such context,the article intends to analyze Debray’s methodological approach to the phenomena so as to grasp the methodological logics of his study.The argument is that after the analysis it is found that Debray is under the great influence of Michel Foucault’s archaeology and genealogy by adopting and adapting the latter’s ideas mainly of discourse and power,at least by sharing the fundamental insights,to expose the micro-mechanism of symbolic construction by the intermediary of techniques and technologies,or the technological innovation in the certain period.Debray’s mediology not only opens a new approach to understand the media effects but also shows the potential interpreting capacity of'discourse and power'theory.