从感性遮蔽理性到理性解构感性——马克思《博士论文》的启迪

The Compatibility between Sense and Reason:Enlightenment of Marx′s Doctoral Dissertation

在其《博士论文》中,马克思从本体论视角判明伊壁鸠鲁与德谟克利特两人在认识论上的分野,目的在于澄明感性与理性并非决然对立,而是可以兼容的,二者统一于人之思维结构中。通过分析伊壁鸠鲁原子论中原子自我意识的解构逻辑和存在方式,马克思以自然现象来反观人的认识能力和生存样态,并借此阐释历久弥新的哲学课题:认识与存在的关系问题。其中所内蕴的启迪对于当下人们认识事物、认识自我、处理此在矛盾,意义深远。

In his Doctoral Dissertation,Marx analyzes the differences between Epicurus epistemology and that of Democritus from the perspective of ontology.The purpose is to show that sense is compatible with reason.And they are united in thinking structure.Through the analysis of the self-deconstruction and way of existence of atoms in Epicurean atomism,Marx aims at comparing man s cognitive ability and living state with natural phenomena.In this way,Marx tries to explain the timeless philosophical topic:the relationship between thinking and existence,which will be of far-reaching significance for current people to understand,to self-understand and to handle contradictions.