公私合作(PPP)项目风险管理研究述评

A Literature Review of Risk Management in Public-Private Partnerships Projects

随着世界各国实践经验的累积,公私合作(PPP)不是万灵药,而是包含巨大风险的治理工具,逐渐成为知识界和实践者的共识。于是,对PPP项目风险的管理就成为一个重要的研究领域,并积累了相当的成果。以Web of Science数据库中2008-2017年的文献为对象,尝试对PPP风险管理研究进行系统的梳理以把握知识发展的态势。研究发现,PPP风险识别和评估方法具有主观特性;PPP风险类型和关键风险因素因项目所处的国家或行业而异;实际风险分配受权力、风险管理能力以及竞争状况的影响而与偏好的风险分配有相当差异;PPP风险的分析和管理具有情境性,应对策略需要从技术路径向多维动态治理转变。研究还发现:当前对风险的发生机制、动态性关注不足;研究方法集中于小样本的问卷调查,大样本的案例研究较少;从碎片化的因素分析提出整合性的框架以及管理模式的实践性,均有待提升。

With the accumulation of experiences in countries around the world,it gradually becomes a consensus of the academic community and practitioners that public-private partnerships is not a panacea,but a governance tool which contains huge risks.As a result,risk management in PPP projects has become an important research area and has accumulated considerable researches.This article,based on the literature from 2008 to 2017 in the database of Web of Science,tries to systematically review the research of PPP risk management to grasp the trend of knowledge development.The study finds that PPP risk identification and assessment methods are subjective in nature;PPP risk types and key risk factors vary according to the country or industry in which the project is embedded;actual risk allocation which is affected by the power,risk management capabilities,and competition conditions is different from preferred risk allocation;PPP risk analysis and management is contextual and the response strategy needs to change from technocratic to multidimensional risk governance.The study also finds that risk mechanisms and dynamics are not adequately addressed;research methods focus on small sample surveys and large sample case studies are less;an integrated framework that is proposed from the analysis of fragmented factors and the practicality of management patterns need to be improved.