民航初始飞行员的风险认知与违规行为相关性研究

Correlation between Risk Perception and Violation Behaviors of Civil Aviation Novice Pilots

飞行员驾驶舱违规行为是不安全事件的主要诱因之一,为此基于风险认知心理变量对民航初始飞行员的违规行为成因进行研究。首先通过对事故/事件中飞行员驾驶舱违规导致的事故/事件占比进行分析,然后设计并实施驾驶舱违规行为和风险认知调查问卷,统计分析初始飞行员的违规行为频次和分布,并进一步通过相关性分析探索违规和风险认知变量之间的关系。机组驾驶舱违规诱发的事故占20%以上,并在近年来呈逐渐上升趋势;调查的40%驾驶舱行为中初始飞行员发生过违规行为;初始飞行员的风险容忍和危险态度对违规行为有显著的正向预测作用。驾驶舱违规行为和初始飞行员个体的风险容忍水平和危险态度水平相关,实施有针对性的培训和教育可以减弱初始飞行员违规行为意向,减少驾驶舱违规行为的发生。

The violation of flight crew is one of the major causes of incidents.The causes of novice pilots’ violation were studied based on risk-cognitive psychology variables.First,this study analyzes the proportion of accidents or incidents caused by flight crew’s violation in accidents or incidents with the designs and implements of the questionnaire on violation behaviors and risk perception.The frequency and distribution of novice pilots’ violation behaviors are statistically analyzed to explore the relationship between violations and elements of risk perception by correlation analysis.The results show that the accidents caused by pilots’ violation accounted for more than 20% and showed a gradual upward trend in recent years.Novice pilots had committed 40%violation in the investigation of the cockpit behaviors.The risk tolerance and hazardous attitude of novice pilot has a significant positive prediction effect on the violation.The conclusion of the study is that the violation of flight crew is common among airline pilots and novice pilots,and related to the level of risk tolerance and hazardous attitude of the individual.Targeted training and education is implemented to reduce the novice pilots’ level of risk tolerance and hazardous attitude,then it can weaken the intention of the violation behaviors.