《变形记》审美效果的产生与当代价值

Aesthetic Effects of Metamorphosis and Its Contemporary Values

一部深沉悲剧的产生从来不是由单个因素的造成,尤其是《变形记》这一部震撼人心的悲剧,它是个人、他人及社会系统综合作用的结果。这种悲剧的魅力主要来自作者精妙的叙述技巧和旁人行为的大致合理性与格里高尔所承受的非人的痛苦之间的张力。另一方面,从接受美学的角度来说,处在正常幸福环境中的今天的读者更加不能忍受人变成虫、亲子关系破裂、兄妹反目的遭遇,时代的差距也使这部作品在读者阅读过程中增强了悲剧的审美效果。

A deep tragedy never comes from a single element, especially as far as a soul-stirring tragedy like Metamorphosis is concerned. It results from the synthetic interaction of individuals, other people and the social system. This tragic charm mainly comes from the author’s excellent narrative skills and the tension between the general rationality of other people’s behavior and the inhuman pain born by Gregor. On the other hand, from the perspective of receptional aesthetics, readers who are in the current environment with normal happiness can’t tolerate the experience that a humanbeing’s turning into an insect, parentage breakdown and siblings’ falling out. The age gap also enhances the tragic aesthetic effects in reading.