炎症性肠病的危险因素和卫生假说

Risk Factors and Hygiene Hypothesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

炎症性肠病(IBD)的病因迄今仍未完全明确,尽管已发现了一些IBD易感基因,但它们仅在很小的程度上增加疾病发生风险,目前大量研究聚焦于环境危险因素与IBD方面。本综述主要总结了近年关于环境因素(卫生状况、饮食因素等),尤其是幼年期卫生条件与IBD关系的文献,认为居住于农村、兄弟姐妹多、豢养宠物等可降低IBD发生风险,居住于城市、家庭规模较小等则是IBD的危险因素。目前国内缺乏以人群为基础的卫生条件与IBD关系的研究,相关流行病学调查有待开展。

Till now,the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease( IBD)is still not very clear. Some genetic risk loci have been identified that predispose people to IBD,however,they increase the risk of IBD by only a small magnitude. Therefore,environmental risk factors have been the focus of recent researches. This article reviewed the association of environmental factors( hygiene and dietary factors etc. ),especially childhood hygiene with IBD,and concluded that rural environment,higher number of siblings and having pets decreased the risk of IBD,while urban environment and small household size/sibship were risk factors for IBD. Currently,population-based study focusing on hygiene and IBD is deficient domestically,further epidemiological surveys are warranted to confirm their associations.