中非合作论坛与中国特色国际公共产品供应探索

Global Public Goods with Chinese Characteristics:A Case Study of FOCAC

伴随自身快速发展,中国正日益参与国际公共产品供应,其中与发展中国家特别是非洲地区的合作最具代表性。自创立以来,中非合作论坛的国际公共产品供应角色日益明显,迅速从供应物质性公共产品,拓展至供应安全性乃至思想性公共产品。与内涵拓展相适应,中非合作论坛正在推动形成中国特色的国际公共产品供应之道,表现出三大特征:理念上,欢迎免费搭车,避免强制搭车;目标上,促进可持续发展,预防援助依赖;机制上,培育制度稳定性,降低不确定性预期。随着国际公共产品供应的理念、目标和机制日渐成熟,中非合作论坛产生了重要的全球性外溢,推动了整个国际社会对非合作的优化发展。为进一步提升国际公共产品供应能力,促进中国特色国际公共产品供应之道的发展和完善,中非合作论坛仍需进一步完善国际公共产品供应的理论支持、制度框架及评估方法。

China is becoming proactive in providing global public goods through cooperation with developing countries and regions,where the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC)is a typical example.Since its establishment in2000,FOCAC has been playing an increasingly significant role in providing global public goods,at first material goods in security areas and then ideas and norms.The FOCAC process has facilitated the development of a Chinese approach in global public goods provision.Such an approach has three emerging features.First,it welcomes free riding while trying to avoid forced riding.Second,it promotes sustainable development while preventing aid dependency.Third,it nurtures institutional stability while reducing uncertainties.As its norms,goals,and mechanisms gradually turn mature,FOCAC is producing a significant global spillover in both public goods provision and international cooperation with Africa.To continue to build China’s capacity for global public goods provision,and take advantage of its Chinese characteristics,FOCAC needs to make further efforts in norm building,institutionalization,and the development of evaluation mechanisms.