动物内温性进化研究进展

Evolution of Endothermy in Animals:A Review

对动物内温性进化的研究进行了较为系统的论述 ,包括内温性动物概念的由来、特点和起源的选择因子。内温性起源的选择因子包括 8个模型 :热生态位扩展模型、恒温与代谢效率模型、降低个体大小模型、姿势改变模型、增加脑大小模型、有氧呼吸能力模型、双亲行为模型和同化能力模型。其中后 3个模型较为重要。有氧呼吸能力模型认为 ,选择提高支持物理运动的最大呼吸能力 ,而增加的静止代谢作为其相关反应而得以进化。该假说得到种内研究数据的支持 ,而种间的数据并不完全支持。双亲行为模型是指在鸟兽类中 ,内温性是对双亲行为选择的结果 ,因为内温性为双亲控制抚育温度提供了保证。同化能力模型认为 ,在鸟类和兽类中内温性进化由以下两个因素所推动 :①子代出生后双亲行为加强 ;②为支持每日总体能量高速消耗所需 ,动物内脏器官能力增强而导致的较高维持消耗。

The paper reviews the study on evolution of endothermy in animal,including the concepts,characteristics and the selective factors.There are eight main hypotheses about the selective factors on evolution of endothermy in animals,including Thermal Niche Expansion Model,Homeothermy and Metabolic Efficiency Model,Decreasing Body Size Model,Postural Change Model,Increasing Brain Size Model,Aerobic Capacity Model,Parental Care Model and Assimilation Capacity Model.The last three are the most important hypotheses.The Aerobic Capacity Model suggests that selection acted mainly to increase maximal aerobic capacity that supports physical activity,and elevated resting metabolic rate evolved as a correlated response.Intraspecific studies on vertebrates support that maximal metabolic rate is correlated to resting metabolic rate,but the interspecific data only give limited support.The Parental Care Model hypothesizes that endothermy is arisen as a consequence of selection for parental care because endothermy enables a parent to control incubation temperature.The Assimilation Capacity Model suggests that the endothermy evolution in birds and mammals is driven by two factors:① a selection for intense post-hatching parent behavior,particularly feeding offspring,and ② the high cost of maintaining the increased capacity of the visceral organs necessary to support high rates of total daily energy expenditures.