方论肇始考略

Textual research on the beginning of discourse on prescription

一般认为方论肇始于金·成无己《伤寒明理论》(115 6 )。然而考察现存医学文献发现 ,在成无己之前 ,已有四部医著载有方论。如北宋庞安时《伤寒总病论》(110 0 )载有半夏泻心汤方、生姜泻心汤等方论 ;朱肱《活人书》(1111)载有桂枝加桂汤等方论 ;寇宗《本草衍义》(1116 )关于仲景医方中药物功效主治的分析 ;南宋许叔微《普济本事方》(1132 )所载的真珠圆等方论。在成无己之后 ,南宋《太医局诸科程文》(12 79)“假令论方义”所载方论更多。方论产生于北宋 ,与当时理学的影响和太医局将其作为医学教育的一个部分有密切关系。

Generally, it is considered that discussions on prescriptions began in Cheng Wuji's Shang han ming li lun (Concise Exposition on Cold Pathogenic Diseases) (1156) of the Jin dynasty. However, after research on the extant medical works, it is found that the discourse on prescriptions appeared before Cheng Wuji in 4 medical books, including the discourse on prescriptions of banxia xiexin decoction and shengjiang xiexin decoction in Pang Anshi's Shang han zong bing lun (General Essays on Cold Pathogenic Diseases) (1100) of the Northern Song dynasty, those of $$$$ guizhi jiagui decoction in Zhu Gong's $$$$ Huo ren shu (A Book for Saving Life) (1111), the function and indication of drugs in Zhongjing's recipes in Kou Zongshi's Ben cao yan yi (Augmented Materia Medica) (1116), and those of zhenzhuyuan in Xu Shuwei's Pu ji ben shi fang (Effective Recipes for Universal Relief) (1132), etc. After Cheng Wuji, there were even more discourse on prescriptions in 'Jia ling lun fang yi' of Tai yi ju zhu ke cheng wen (Reports of the Royal Medical Bureau) (1279).The discourse on prescriptions were first appeared in the North Song dynasty, and had a close relation with Neo-Confucianism in the Song dynasty, which was incorporated as a part of medical education by Royal Medical Bureau.