我国的土地沙化及治理对策

Sandification and Management Measures in China

我国的土地沙化是非常严重的。截止到 1999年底 ,我国已有 18.2 %的土地出现沙化。土地沙化是自然因素和人为因素综合作用的结果 ,但人为因素是主要的 (主要包括过度开垦土地、过度放牧、不合理的砍伐树木、薪材、滥挖药材、水资源利用不当、不合理的采矿 )。土地沙化常常导致自然灾害、土地贫瘠、生产力降低 ,破坏农业的正常生产和人类的生存空间 ,导致经济的贫困化。采取措施治理土地沙化是非常重要的。其措施包括保护天然植被、控制载畜量、实施保护性耕作、推广农村节能、合理利用水资源等。

Seriously sandification was occupying about 18.2% of total land area in end of 1999 in China. The sandification was the result of interaction of natural and artificial factors, but the artificial factors, such as irrationally cultivating farmland, grazing, felling trees and brush, digging medicinal herbs, using water resources and mining minerals and so on, were domain in resulting in sandification. It caused frequently natural disasters, poor land and low productivity, influenced normal farming, damaged human living habitat, and finally resulted in local poverty. It is very important to prevent the sandification by taking measures such as protecting natural vegetation, controlling livestock capacity, practicing conservation tillage, extending rural saving energy, rationally using water resources.