电子认证机构的监督和管理立法评述

The Review of Legislation of Supervision and Management of Electric Certification Authority

本文通过比较研究的方法,对现有电子签名立法例中有关电子认证机构的监督和管理的内容进行了述评,共分四部分:电子认证机构的设立、电子认证机构所应具备的条件、认证机构的退出机制和外国证书和签名的承认。笔者认为,认证机构的设立基本上可分为三种立法模式:一是强制许可制;二是经许可优惠制;三是自愿认可制。关于电子认证机构所应具备的条件,笔者归纳为注册资本和营业场所、人员、满足技术要求的硬件和软件以及业务账簿四方面。关于认证机构的退出机制,分别介绍了日本、德国、美国和我国的做法。关于外国证书和签名的承认,讨论了签订国际条约、允许他国商人经核准在本国开办认证机构、由本国认证机构对外国证书进行再认证、一般性地承认外国证书等形式。

The paper specifies and reviews the laws of supervising of certification authority (CA) by comparative measure, including China law and laws of other countries. It consists of four parts: instauration of CA, qualification of CA, seceding of CA and acknowledgment of CAs of other countries. The author thinks that there are three manners of instauration of CA: obliging to get license, favourable after getting license, free will of getting license. The qualification of CA contains capital, lieu, personnel, hardware, software and account book. As seceding of CA, the writer comments on legislative modes of Japan, German, USA and China. The patterns of acknowledgment of CAs of other countries involve treaty, permitting foreigners set up CAs inside home, re-attestation of foreign CAs and acknowledgment of foreign CAs without particular terms.