个人信息与个人隐私的区分

The Difference between Personal Information and Privacy

美国法的信息隐私权理论与德国的个人信息自决权理论是评判个人信息与隐私关系的两种流行理论进路。前者虽看似将个人信息涵盖至隐私权之中,但与中国法意义上的隐私存在较大差异,且无法为大数据时代中的个人信息提供充分保护。后者虽强调个人信息的价值,但仅将个人信息保护置于一般人格权之中,未对个人信息与个人隐私作系统区分。《民法总则》第111条应理解为个人信息权。以个人信息权为视角,个人信息与隐私在总体上是两个不同的法律概念,二者在内涵、外延、理论背景、价值基础、保护原则、权能范围、侵权判断、责任承担各个方面均存在区别。

Two popular theoretical approach judging the relationship between personal information and privacy are the information privacy theory from America and the information self-determination theory from Germany. Although the former seems to cover personal information with privacy , it has a huge difference against the privacy in Chinese law, and it can not provide adequate protection for personal information in the big data era. Although the latter emphasizes the value of personal information, it only placed personal information protection in the general personality rights, and it fail to distinguish personal information and personal privacy systematically. Article 111 of the General Principles of Civil Law should be interpreted as personal information right. In the perspective of personal information right, personal information and privacy are two different legal concepts. There are differences in their connotation, extension, theoretical background, value base, protection principle, power scope, tort judgment and tortious liability.