淡水浮游植物气候生产力的生态模拟与地理分布

ECOLOGICAL SIMULATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CLIMATIC PRODUCTIVITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN FRESHWATERS

根据能量平衡原理,在应用Talling 公式计算浮游植物日光合生产力的基础上,提出了模拟计算年光合生产力及通过水温订正后得出其气候生产力的方法。用上述方法联系我国湖泊一般特性,计算了在理想条件下我国大陆东侧 36个点淡水光合生产力的季节变化及气候生产力的地理分布。东部淡水水域的年气候生产力大致呈纬向分布由南向北递减,这与大气光合有效辐射、年日照时数和水温的时空变化有密切关系。各地的气候生产力在 1.6～24.4gc/m^2·年之间,与世界相近气候下贫营养湖的浮游植物生产力大致相当。只是东北北部偏低,主要原因是浮游植物有效生长期太短。此外,四川盆地的气侯生产力亦低,主要原因则是夏秋两季光合生产力过低。

Based on the principle of energy balance and the Talling's equationabout calculatioa of daily phctosynthetic productivity, a methods for simulant esti-mation of the yearly photosynthetic productivity and the climatic productivity wereproposed. Considering the general features of lakes in China,the seasonal variationof photosynthetic productivity and the geographical distribution of climaticproductivity were estimated theoretically in 36 water bodies of eastern China. Theclimatic productivity decreased from south to north. This tendency has related clo-sely with the photosynthetically active radiation in the atmosphere,the actual sun- shine duration per year as well as the seasonal and spatial variation of water tem-perature. Except the northern part of the north-east China, the climatic producti-vities in the eastern China ranged from 1.6 to 24.4g·C/m^2·yr., which is equiva-lent approximately to the phytoplankton productivity of oligotrophic lakes with sirmilar climate in the world, The major reason of low climatic productivity in north-east China is the short growing season. By the way, the major reason of low climateproductivity in the basin of Sichuan Province is the lower photosynthetic produc-tivity in the summer and autumn.