史前房屋布局变化的比较及其意义

家庭是社会的细胞。房屋是家庭居住的场所。房屋的变化是家庭人口与结构变化最重要的证据。史前社会房屋形态的演变就是当时家庭组织变化的真实反映。在这一过程中,世界各地在史前时代常常发生房屋结构的一个大的变化,或许暗示着一种家庭结构的变化。但这种变化在各地区是有区别的,它们所起的作用也是不同的。这些差别制约着各地文化发展的进程以及血缘与地缘在社会中所起的作用。本文将就出自两河流域、日本、美国西南部和中国比较典型的房屋进行比较分析,从中了解各地史前社会家庭形态发展的过程和特点。

The tendency from single-room-architecture to multi-room-architecture in Mesopotamia,Northeastern Japan,Southwestern America and the Central Plains of China suggests that the formation of extended-family in Prehistory;It is common in Mesopotamian and Southwestern America,but not in Japan and China,which shows that extended-family formed the main type of the family in Mesopotamia.The multi-room-architectures of China and Mesopotamia show the open and close pattern,which reflected the difference of the people’s relation in the intro-building and inter-building;the changes in the architecture plan and family pattern were accompanied by the local subsistence economies.