古器物学研究——原生形、次生形、再生形玉器的讨论

古器物学的历史可谓源远流长,北宋金石学的诸多论著,实为古器物学研究的开端[1]。吕大临成书于哲宗元祐七年(1092年)的《考古图》,乃古器物学研究之大作。其立论的三大目标:'探制作之原始、补经传之阙亡、正诸儒之谬误',仍是今日古器物学研究努力的方向。然而《考古图》成书以后直至清末,古器物学的学术成绩,李济先生多有批评,认为并未有明显的进步[2]。

The study of antiquity was derived from the research of jinshi or epigraphy and inscription rising in the Northern Song dynasty,and at present it becomes a knowledge of diverse subjects for exploring the historical background of ancient relics.The first step of the study is to understand a relic clearly from its material,craftwork,typology and decoration.The further research concludes various subjects in archaeological and fine art fields.In this paper the author identifies three types of jade articles,the original type,the twice-carved type and the reused type,then the author discusses the effective use of jade material,the periods of the decorative patterns on the Western Zhou jades and related issues.