论李广利的历史形象及其与司马迁宫刑之关系

A Study of Li Guangli's Historical Image and Influence on Sima Qian's Castration

李广利以外戚身份走进武帝朝,但其被拜为贰师将军并不能看作是武帝"欲侯宠姬李氏"的表现。他在李氏第一次被夷族后封为海西侯,完全是因为他的伐宛之功,与其外戚身份无关。武帝后期的十余年间,李广利一直是汉对匈奴作战的主帅,屡有斩敌之功,堪称武帝三大将之一。李广利与导致司马迁宫刑的李陵事件并无关系,然而司马迁却认为是"沮贰师"致其宫刑,并据此塑造了受武帝偏袒的李广利的"庸将"形象,《汉书》踵此说,使其成为定论,后之学者据此建构了司马迁的阐释史。阐释前提既然存有问题,则阐释史的诸问题也应重新审视。

Li Guangli is one of the three generals of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty. According to historical facts,Emperor Wudi did not show partiality for his wife’s brother Li Guangli titled as Ershi General,but Sima Qian believed that the reason of his castration was that Li Guangli had the support of Emperor Wudi. As Ban Gu confirmed Sima Qian’s view by reconstructing the historical image of Li Guangli in Hanshu,which results in later scholars’ agreement with Sima Qian’s view without thinking,that is not confirmed to historical facts.