《史记·循吏列传》循吏形象考论——兼论司马迁的“礼治”倾向

On the Image of Obedient Officials Biography in Historical Records Based on the Tendency of Sima Qian's “Rule of Governance”

司马迁笔下的循吏形象历来众说纷纭,一部分学者认为司马迁笔下的循吏形象是汉初黄老思想的反映,一部分学者认为循吏有儒家形象的表征。通过分析《循吏列传》的文本内容,认为《史记·循吏列传》中循吏的形象特征是"奉法循理",而"法""理"同义,皆是当时社会对这类人职业的基本要求——"官法"。而循吏们对各自"官法"的维护和执行,从深层次看则是对于民间"礼俗"的维护,从而循吏表面对"法"尊崇实质则是对"礼"的维护。同时这也展示了司马迁对于国家治理中的"礼治"倾向。

Sima Qian’s obedient officials’ images have always been a part of scholars’ discussion. Some scholars think it is a reflection of Huang Lao thoughts in the early Han Dynasty,but some believe that there are official characterization of Confucian image. By the text analysis on Obedient Officials Biography,the paper puts forward that image features in Obedient Officials Biography is'rule by law',while'rule'and'law'are synonymous,and it’s the basic requirements of the pre Qin people in society to obey the 'official law'. Their maintenance and implementation of the'official law',which,from a deep perspective,is the maintenance of'folk etiquette and customs'. Generally speaking,they complied with the 'regulations'in essence and presented the maintenance of'ritual'. At the same time it also seems to show Sima Qian’s'rite'tendency to the national governance.