国家认同及其变迁:宏观与微观的跨国比较分析

National Identity and Its Change: A Comparative Analysis at Macro and Micro Levels

本文利用社会调查数据和统计数据,从宏观和微观两个层次对国家认同进行了实证分析。根据分析结果,国家认同在各个国家、不同地区和不同文化、宗教圈的分布差异较大。进一步分析后发现,相较于民主制度绩效、政治信任等政治因素,宗教文化以及心理因素对国家认同具有更为重要的影响,但这种影响往往受到宏观的结构性因素和情境的制约。本文对'全球化导致国家认同退化''民主化和提高治理绩效有助于国家认同的建构'等观点提出质疑,并通过实证分析澄清了一些对国家认同的错误认识。在此基础上,笔者认为对于一个努力实现经济社会现代化和政治文明的国家,国家认同的衰退很可能不可避免。

By using social survey(World Values Survey)and statistical data,this study conducts an empirical analysis of national identity and its change at both macro and micro levels.The results show that national identity varies greatly across different countries,regions and cultural or religious zones.Furthermore,it is found that religious,cultural and psychological factors exert a more important influence on national identity than political factors such as the performance of democratic regimes and political trust,but this influence is often constrained by structural factors and contexts at the macro level.This study calls in question some prevalent views in Chinese academia,for example,'Globalization erodes national identity''Democratization and improvement of democratic governance are conducive to the construction of national identity',and clarifies some misunderstandings about national identity.Based on empirical analysis,the authors argue that for a country striving to achieve economic and social modernization and a higher level of political civilization,the decline of national identity is likely to be inevitable.