“富国强兵”的遗产——军工技术产业化与战后日本的经济复兴

The Legacy of Rich Nation,Strong Army——Industrialization of Military Technology and Japan’s Economic Recovery after the World War Ⅱ

日本在第二次世界大战中遭到毁灭性打击,以军需工业生产为核心的近代工业体系几近崩溃。本文基于历史制度主义的分析视角,认为战后日本经济高速增长的逻辑背后有军工技术产业化作为强大的推动力。在《日本国宪法》的约束下,战后初期的日本并没有走上军事大国化的道路,但是其战前以及战时总动员体制下军工技术遗产,以及战后因应朝鲜战争的特需而重启的军工生产、美国对日本技术上以及经济上的援助、日本政府内部相关利益集团部门的推动等都从主客观条件上促进了军工技术的产业化。军事技术产业化的重点并不是在武器研发领域,而是将军工技术波及民用部门(spin-off)领域并开始规模化生产,战后日本多数大企业集团其成长壮大的背后都得益于军工技术在民用部门领域的产业化。与此同时,战后初期相对稳定的和平环境并没有迫使日本在重整军备的道路上走向极端,这些都有助于我们基于军工技术产业化的视角来理解日本战后复兴和经济增长的逻辑。

Japan suffered a crushing blow in the World War II,and the modern industrial system with the military industrial production collapsed.Based on the analysis of historical institutionalism,this paper argues that the logic of Japan’s rapid economic growth after the World War II,there is a strong driving force for the industrialization of military technology.Under the Constitution of Japan,it did not embark on the path of military nationalization in the early post-war period,but its military technological legacy left under the pre-war and wartime total mobilization system,and post-war response.The military production that was restarted due to the special needs of the Korean War,the technical and economic assistance of the United States to Japan,and the active promotion of relevant interest groups within the Japanese government all promoted the industrialization of military technology from the subjective and objective conditions.The focus of military technology industrialization is not in military weapons development,but the military technology has spread to the civilian sector(spin-off).Most large Japanese enterprises have benefited from their growth.At the same time,the relatively stable environment in the early post-war period did not force Japan to go to extremes on the road to rearmaments.These will help us understand the logic of Japan’s post-war recovery and economic growth based on the industrialization of military technology.