颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究(一)

Research on Particulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites (MMC)

金属基复合材料是由陶瓷颗粒或纤维 (比如SiC ,Al2 O3,TiC ,TiB等 )增强金属或者合金基体而得到的 ,具有高的比刚度、比强度、耐磨性和高温性能 ,且具有可设计性 ,是一类高性能先进材料 ,在航空、航天、汽车等领域具有良好的应用前景。综述了金属基复合材料的类型、成型方法及主要强化性能指标 ,阐述了颗粒强化金属基体的机理 ,提出了用纳米颗粒强化金属基体的新思路 ,简要介绍了实验方法 ,预测了性能改善程度 。

MMC is a good performance material whose metal matrix is reinforced by ceramic particles or fibres (such as SiC, Al 2O 3, TiC and TiB, etc.). It exhibits high specific stiffness and high specific strength, good wearability, as well as good mechanical properties at elevated temperature. MMC has a good application prospect in field of aviation, astronavigation and automobile. In this paper, the type of MMC, its moulding method and principal strengthening performance index are introduced, the reinforcing mechanism of metal matrix by particle is set forth, and a new thought of using nanometer particles to reinforce metal matrix is put forward. Also the experiment methods are briefly introduced, the improvement of performance is forecasted and its development prospect is set forth.