阶梯水价的居民节水效益及水费支出的测算

Research on the calculating of residents' water-saving effect and water fee expenditure under increasing block water price

为了合理地制定阶梯水价政策,对阶梯水价的节水效益以及居民水费支出的测算进行了研究,并以大连市为例对测算结果进行分析.首先,提出了用双正态叠加分布拟合居民用水量偏态分布的方法,以及基于价格弹性和居民用水量分布的节水效益和居民水费支出的测算方法.其次,利用收集到的居民月均用水量数据,应用笔者提出的方法,计算了阶梯水价方案实施前后大连市居民的节水比例以及居民水费支出.最后,分析了第1阶梯水价、第1阶梯水量对节水比例和居民水费支出占收入比例的影响方式,并得到不同预期节水比例和不同居民水费支出占收入比例条件下阶梯水价的可行方案集,得出的结论可为阶梯水价政策的制定提供参考.

To make the increasing block rate(IBR)water price structure rational,this article studies the method of calculating the residential water-saving effect and water fee expenditure under IBR water price structure,and analyzes the calculating results taking Dalian as an example.First,this article presents a method that fits the distribution of the residential water demand by using two normal distributions added,and a method calculating the residential water-saving effect and water fee expenditure based on price elasticity and the distribution of the residential water demand.And then the method proposed in this article is applied to calculate the residential water-saving effect and the proportion of residential water fee expenditure to disposable income.Finally,the article analyzes the way that the first step water price and the first step water volume affect the residential water-saving effect and the proportion of residential water fee expenditure to disposable income,as as to get the feasible scheme sets under different expected water-saving effect and proportion of residential water fee expenditure to disposable income.The conclusions can guide the policy making of IBR water price.