中法战争前越南阮朝的北疆安全及其治理政策

The Security and Governance Policies of Northern Territory in the Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnames before the Sino-French War

边疆安全向来是威胁封建王朝统治的重要因素,由于阮朝统治薄弱,复杂的自然条件和政治关系等因,与清朝接壤的越南北疆长期存在安全隐患和爆发安全问题。土司叛乱、边界争端、跨国"匪寇"始终困扰阮朝君臣。在边疆意识逐渐增强、边患问题逐渐加深的情况下,阮朝强化了在中越边境地区的治理。通过加强管理边境往来人员和投寓清人、剿抚越境"匪寇",意图清除边疆地区的安全隐患和实际存在的问题;以及通过设置土官流官、调整政区、开垦边地、增强军事防御等措施强化对边疆地区的统治。总的说来,由于阮朝中后期的国力衰落以及部分策略难以施行,阮朝在中越边境地区的治理并未达到靖边固圉的目的。

Territory security has always been an important factor that threatens the rule of the feudal dynasty. Due to the weak rule of the Nguyen Dynasty, the complicated natural conditions and political relations, the northern territory of Vietnamese whose borders on China in the Qing Dynasty had existed long-standing security risks and the outbreak of security questions. Chieftain rebellion, territory dispute and transnational "bandits" had been troubling the monarchs and ministers of Nguyen Dynasty. In the circumstance of increasing awareness of territory and deepening territory problems, the Nguyen Dynasty strengthened its governance in the Sino-Vietnamese border territory. Through strengthening the management of intercourse of border territory, joining with Qing people and suppressing the "bandits", the government intended to clear the security risks and problems in the border territory. Also, through setting officials, adjusting the administrative areas, reclaiming the border territory, and strengthening the military defense, the government strengthened the rule of border territory. In general, as a result of the decline of mid-late Nguyen Dynasty and difficulties in implementing some strategies, the governance of Nguyen Dynasty in the Sino-Vietnamese border territory did not reach the aim of strengthening the nation.