试论清代西南边疆民族地区的学额配置政策

On the Admission Assignment Policy in Southwestern Frontier Ethnic Regions in the Qing Dynasty

清代,中央对于各省府州县学均实行严格的学额控制政策。一般而言,学额是按照各地区行政级别并参照文风、人口与赋税情况来具体设置的。乡试中额同样参照各省文风、人口与赋税情况,分为科举大、中、小省三个等级来录取,即便是会试中额,也从初期的凭文录取到分卷制度,再发展到分省定额政策。但是,清廷为了更好地对西南边疆进行治理,其学额政策在西南边疆有所变通,予以一些优惠的政策措施。如此做法,产生了较大的实际效果,也为后人留下值得借鉴的一面。

The central government adopts strict admission assignment policy on the admission of provinces, states and counties in the Qing Dynasty. In a word, admission assignment is placed in terms of the administrative levels and referring to study culture, population and taxing. So do the provincial examination admission assignment and admission is classified into the big, middle and small levels. Even the imperial examination admission also develops from in terms of ariticles to papers, then to admission quota by provinces. However, admission assignment policy in the Qing Dynasty becomes flexible giving favourable policies in the southwestern frontier in order to better ruling, which achieves bigger effects and provides the reference for the generations after it.