清代云南汉族移民与边疆统治秩序重构关系研究

A Study on the Relationship Between Han Immigrants in Yunnan and Reconstruction of Border Order in the Qing Dynasty

清代前期,王朝国家在西南边疆地区的统治面临危机。清廷通过调遣以汉族为主体的绿营兵进入云南镇压叛乱、控扼军事要塞、对部分地区实施武力改流,将统治触角深入边远山区,为边疆统治秩序重构奠定了军事基础。同时,激励和引导内地汉族农民进入云南屯田和垦荒,积极恢复和发展农业生产,为边疆统治秩序重构奠定了经济基础。绿营兵和垦荒农民成为云南外来汉族移民的重要组成部分。随着统治秩序逐步恢复和重构,也为新一轮汉族移民以自发形式进入云南从事农业垦殖、矿业生产、商业贸易等创造了条件和可能。清代云南汉族移民在边疆统治秩序重构过程中发挥了举足轻重的作用,同时二者之间也形成了鲜明的双向互动关系。

In the early Qing Dynasty, the rule of dynastic government in the southwest border area was in crisis. The Qing Dynasty sent the green barracks with the Han nationality as the main body into Yunnan to suppress the rebellion, control the military fortresses, and carry out the military diversion in some areas. It penetrated the ruling power into remote mountainous areas and laid the military foundation for the reconstruction of the ruling order in the border areas. At the same time, it encourages and guides the Inland Han peasants to enter Yunnan and reclaim wasteland, and actively restores and develops agricultural production, thus laying an economic foundation for the reconstruction of the ruling order in the border areas. The green camp soldiers and reclamation farmers have become an important part of immigrants from Yunnan. With the gradual restoration and reconstruction of the ruling order, conditions and possibilities have also been created for a new round of Han immigrants to enter Yunnan spontaneously to engage in agricultural reclamation, mining production and commercial trade. In the Qing Dynasty, Han immigrants in Yunnan played a decisive role in the process of reconstructing the ruling order of the frontier, and at the same time, there was a distinct two-way interaction between the two.