符号下的调适:哈尼族宗教生活中鸡的文化研究

Adaptation under the Symbol: A Study on the Culture of Chickens in Hani's Religious Life

哈尼族是西南世居居民氐羌的后裔,较早的驯化、饲养了鸡,并且在认知上已经将其超脱了食物的范畴。鸡的身影活跃在哈尼族宗教的神话、祭祀、叫魂、占卜等诸多领域,并被赋予了驱邪避恶穰灾、吉祥幸福美满的符号意义,成为意义符号。通过这些意义符号,鸡成为哈尼族与神鬼、与他人交往的重要媒介,对调解人与鬼神和他人关系发挥重要作用,从而使神、人、鬼关系达到认知上的和谐,进而对人的心理进行调适,达到平稳正常的状态。

The Hani people,descendants of one of the original residents of the southwest,have domesticated and raised chickens earlier,and have cognitively taken them beyond the scope of food.The figure of the chicken is active in the Hani religion’s myths,rituals,soul calls,divination and many other fields.It was given the symbolic meaning of exorcising evil,relieving disasters,auspiciousness,and happiness.It has become a symbol of the auspicious and happy.Through these symbol of meaning,chickens become an important medium for the Hani people to interact with other people.They play an important role in mediators’relationship with ghosts and other people,thereby bringing the relationship between Gods,people,and ghosts into a cognitively harmonious relationship.The psychology is adjusted to achieve a stable and normal state.