丝状真菌遗传筛选系统的研究及其应用

Application of genetic selection system in filamentous fungi:a review

随着基因组时代的发展,主要丝状真菌基因组测序基本完成而被广泛应用于工业、农业、医药等领域。然而丝状真菌的遗传转化效率极低,为了保证在大量非转化子背景下能筛选到目标转化子,恰当的筛选标记显得尤为重要。目前,在丝状真菌的遗传转化过程中常用的筛选标记可分为两类:药物抗性筛选标记和营养缺陷型筛选标记。但两者均具有一定的局限性,为此科研人员利用最新研究的基因组编辑技术对筛选标记加以修饰改造,以更好地用于遗传筛选。本文综述了目前常用的遗传筛选系统的分子机制及运用基因组编辑技术改造的新型筛选标记理论,为丝状真菌在各领域更广泛的应用奠定基础。

With the booming of the genome era,the whole genome sequencing of important filamentous fungi has been basically completed and is widely used in the fields of industry,agriculture and medicine.However,the genetic transformation efficiency of filamentous fungi is extremely low.In order to ensure that positive transformants can be picked out from a large number of non-transformed colonies.Therefore appropriate selectable markers are particularly important.At present,the commonly used selectable markers in the genetic transformation of filamentous fungi can be divided into two categories:drug-resistance selectable markers and auxotrophic selectable markers.However,both of them have distinct limitations.For this reason,researchers use the latest genome editing technology to modify the selectable markers for better genetic selection.This article reviews the current genetic selection system and new screening marker theory modified by genome editing technology,which lays a foundation for a broader application prospect of filamentous fungi in various fields.