作为士大夫政治实践的宋代经学——范纯仁《尚书解》解读

The Studies of Confucian Classics in the Song Dynasty as Political Practice of Literati: An Interpretation of An Interpretation of the Book of History by Fan Chunren

王安石变法初期,范纯仁作《尚书解》进献宋神宗。《尚书解》既是阐释儒家经典的经学著作,其创作、进献也是士大夫政治实践的常规性举措——谏君。范纯仁通过选取《尚书》经文,对所选经文作有选择性的解释,以及沿袭、改造和舍弃汉唐注疏等目的鲜明的方式创作出《尚书解》,严格针对他所认为的时政弊病,以经典和圣人的名义劝谏神宗兼听并取、慎于改作、简易施政,罢免新法大臣,停止以富国强兵为目的的变法,实践圣人知人、安民之道。《尚书解》有着具体的政治语境和行动指向,表明经学与士大夫日常政治实践密切相关。研究《尚书解》有助于呈现儒学在传统中国政治实践中的展开方式,并丰富儒学作为一种践履之学的内涵。

In the initial period of Wang Anshi's new policies,Fan Chunren wrote An Interpretation of the Book of History,and offered the book to Emperor Shenzong of Song.Fan chose certain text of the Book of History,made selective interpretation of the content,and created the book in the way of following,remoulding,and abandoning the notes and commentaries in the Han-Tang period.Fan sternly directed at the political malady that he considered,and remonstrated with the emperor in the names of classics and the sage to stop the political reform as well as dismiss ministers who supported the new policy.With concrete political context and action direction,the book indicates that the studies of Confucian classics are closely related to routine political practice of scholar-bureaucrats.To understand the book will benefit to presenting how Confucianism unfolds in traditional Chinese political practice,and enriching the connotation of Confucianism as a kind of practicing learning.