一种新型水溶性单体聚合-冷冻干燥联用法在饱水木质文物脱水定型应用中的研究

Dehydration conservation for waterlogged wooden cultural relics using water-soluble monomer polymerization-freeze drying

为了改善饱水木质文物脱水定型技术保护的定型效果、操作周期以及环保经济性,本研究以田螺山遗址、河姆渡遗址和茅山遗址出土的3种饱水木材试样为实验对象,进行了以水溶性单体丙烯酰胺(AM)和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)为反应物的单体聚合-冷冻干燥联用法的研究。首先在水体系中选取不同比例的AM和NVP在水溶液中聚合,并根据聚合和冷冻前后的体积变化率控制在±5%以内的标准进行聚合体系的筛选。然后选取其中5组符合条件的聚合体系对3种饱水木材进行脱水定型处理,当在聚合体系中AM和NVP的质量分数总和不高于7.5%时,经单体聚合-冷冻干燥联用法处理后的试样的尺寸变化率可控制在±5%以内,达到良好的脱水定型的效果。

To improve operating times, conservation effects and environmental protection when using dehydration for conservation of waterlogged wooden cultural relics, we studied a new method, namely, polymerization-freeze drying with water-soluble monomers such as acrylamide(AM) and N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone(NVP). The waterlogged wood samples treated were from the Tianluoshan, Hemudu and Maoshan Liangzhu Culture Sites. The monomers at different concentrations were polymerized in water. The optimal polymerization systems were then selected on the basis of volume change rate after polymerization and freezing. Five polymerization systems with change rates controlled within ±5% were finally chosen for research on dehydration conservation. When the total concentrations of AM and NVP in monomer polymerization-freeze drying system were equal to or less than 7.5%, the size change rates of the samples could be controlled within ±5%.