场所编码的凸显层级:认知语法视角

The prominent coding levels of the locative roles: A cognitive grammar approach

本文在认知语法框架下讨论场所编码的凸显层级及其基本实现条件。基本假设是:该角色为背景实体,可基于其定位层级细分为场景和处所,其概念地位提升同样呈现为不同层级,受到其原型语义、概念关联度和说话人视角的共同制约。处所与事件参与者的概念联系紧密,可随着事件及其参与者表达的去精细化而凸显;场景作为整个事件的定位空间,与感知主体关联紧密,主语化时表现为对一般化感事的指称转喻;抽象场景也可得到凸显,以满足说话人客观表达时的非人称编码需要。

This paper discusses the prominent coding levels of the locative roles within the framework of cognitive grammar. It claims that setting and location are two background roles at different conceptual levels,and their prominence is also represented at different levels in their marked coding,from the aspects of construal,Location,as the landmark of the focal participant,can be elevated to the object or subject position,when the located participant and its process are nonspecified; Setting,on the other hand,cannot normally be elevated to the object position. As it is conceptually close to the viewer,setting-subject can be construed as a referential metonymy of the generalized experiencer in its located event; abstract setting can also be prominent,as the result of the speaker's impersonalization of the propositional event.