“作者死了”“译者死了”与翻译批评乱象

“Death of author”,“death of translator”and arbitrary,confusing translation criticism

"作者死了"和"译者死了"这两个假设是西方非理性文艺批评理论的根基,却致使翻译批评脱缰和混乱。"作者死了",读者随意阐释,译者主体性过度张扬,翻译批评失去统一客观标准。"译者死了",把译作等同作品,把译作评价当成翻译批评或文艺批评,批评冷落了作者、原文、译者,过分倚重读者。文章评析了5种与阐释学有关的翻译批评乱象。这些乱象不仅源于两个错误假设,也源于批评者没有把握有关理论的本质,没有注意理论的适用范围,没有选择与自己批评身份相符的理论立场。

'Death of Author',and'Death of Translator',as the basis for irrational Western theories of literary criticism,have led to arbitrary and confusing translation criticism. Due to 'Death of Author',readers can interpret any text freely,the agency of a translator is put into too free play,and there is no objective and universal criterion for translation criticism. Due to 'Death of Translator',translated work was mistaken for non-translated work,translation evaluation was mistaken for translation criticism or literary criticism,and the criticism overlooked the author and the translator,but overstressed the readers. The paper made comments on five kinds of arbitrary,confusing translation criticism related to Hermeneutics,which resulted from two wrong hypotheses,the critic's failure to understand the essence of the relevant theory,and to realize the application scope of the theory,and to choose the right theory in line with the identity of the critic.