论互联网的规制体制——在政府规制与自我规制之间

On the Regulatory Regime of the Cyberspace in China: Between Government Regulation and Self-regulation

伴随着互联网的迅速发展,规制对于网络空间中秩序的维持和公民权益的保护,其重要性日益凸显。但这并不意味着政府应成为互联网的唯一规制主体,恰恰相反,自我规制组织在网络空间中也应发挥重要的作用。互联网法制建设的关键问题之一,是建立一个能够充分发挥政府规制和自我规制各自比较优势的规制体制。本文以互联网规制的比较研究为基础,描述了中国当下的互联网规制体制,分析了其缺陷与不足,并对其未来发展提出了若干设想。文章认为,我国未来互联网规制体制的健全和完善,一方面应提高互联网政府规制的法治化、规范化和公开化水平,增强其效能和正当性;另一方面应根据社会优先的理念,更多地放权于社会,让互联网行业团体在更大范围和程度上发挥作用。此外,在政府规制过程中应促进行业团体对规制决策的参与,而对于自我规制政府也应发挥激励与监督作用。迈向政府规制与自我规制互相补充、互为支持的合作式规制体制,应成为我国互联网规制的发展方向。

With the rapid development of the Internet,it has become more and more evident that regulation is indispensable for maintaining the order in the cyberspace and protecting stakeholders ’ interests therein.Nevertheless,it does not mean government is the only regulator of the Internet.Actually,self-regulation organizations should play a more important role in the cyberspace than in the real world. One of the key questions of Internet regulation is how to establish a regulatory regime which combines government regulation and industrial self-regulation effectively. Based on a comparative law study of Internet regulation,this essay describes the regulatory regime of the Internet in contemporary China,analyses its defects,and suggests its reform. On one hand,China should improve the effectiveness and legitimacy of governmental Internet regulation by strengthening the rule of law and increasing the standardization and transparency level of administrative actions. On the other hand,in accordance with the idea of the priority of society,China should empower self-regulation organizations( SROs) so that they could play a much more important role in Internet regulation. SROs should be allowed to participate in government’s decision-making,while the government should be involved in self-regulation process by way of stimulating or supervising. The direction for the reform of China’s Internet regulation should be a collaborative system,in which government regulation and self-regulation complements and supports each other.