网约车业的组织、效应与管制研究

The Organization,Effects and Regulation of Internet-based Taxicabs

网约车业是网络平台和数据分析技术进步的产物,是一种介于'经典市场交易'和'科层式企业'之间的新型经济组织形态。其在信息透明度、系统管理成本、市场竞争充分性和交易动员能力上具有明显特点。网约车业在运营车辆供给、满足多元消费需求、促进行业良性竞争、提高存量车辆利用率、节能环保和社会道德建设等多方面具有显著的社会经济优势。其在客运安全、损害救济和市场秩序等方面引发的副作用常常被放大,且可通过技术改进或制度优化得到有效控制。传统出租车业需通过改革现有的特许经营模式来解决,并在与新技术的合作中寻求再生。现有法律监管体系需及时适应网络平台经济时代的新特点,主动迎接新技术带来的社会红利。

The sector of internet-based taxicabs is the fruit of digital platform and data technique. The economic structure of this sector stands in between classical market transaction and hierarchical firm,which is featured with informational transparency,low management cost,high market competition and strong incentives for market transactions. This form of public transportation prevails against incumbent taxicabs not only because it greatly improves the supply and quality of taxicab services,but also because it helps to protect the environment and promote social morality. The negative effects associated with this sector are often exaggerated,and could be minimized through technological and institutional improvements. In order to compet with internet-based taxicabs,the conventional sectors of taxicabs need to reform their business models. The regulatory system should b adapted to reflect the feature of digital platform facilitated economies.