网络平台规制的双重逻辑及其反思

The Dual Logic ofInternet Platform Regulation and Its Reflection

随着平台经济的兴起,世界各国一改'平台中立'的立场,对网络平台的规制日益强化。这一趋势有着深层动因:在平台和国家的维度上,网络平台已是去中心化的互联网中的'新中心',自然成为国家监管的关键节点;在平台和用户的维度上,网络平台的技术架构优势以及营造生态和发展市场的商业需求,使其对用户施加了'准立法权、准执法权和准司法权'。然而,由此衍生出的'政府管平台,平台管其他主体'的'国家—平台—用户'线性结构,却可能有违'法律保留''功能保留''比例原则''公法责任向私人关系逃逸'等一系列法治原则,因此这种由上而下的规制路径应适时调整,转而借鉴多利益攸关方治理模式,最终形成国家、平台、其他主体网络化共治的新格局。

With the rise of the platform economy,various countries around the world have changed their attitude of 'platform neutrality'and the regulation of platforms has been increasingly strengthened. There are underlying causes of this trend. From the perspective of the platform and government,the platform has been the 'new center'on the decentralized Internet,which becomes the key node of government regulation. From the perspective of the platform and Internet users,the platform has the 'quasi-legislative power,quasi-executive power and quasi-judicial power'over users,by the advantages of architecture and the commercial need to create the business ecology and to develop the market. It is derived by the dual logic that 'government regulates the platform and the platform regulates the other subjects'. However,this linear structure of 'government-platform-user'may be violate the principles of rule of law,such as 'reservation of law','functional reservation''proportionality'and 'forbidding the public responsibility escaping to private relations'. As such,this top-down regulatory approach should be adjusted in due course. By learning from multi-stakeholder governance model,the new pattern will be established,which is the co-regulation of government,platforms,and other subjects.