韩中现代性戏剧发生期的两次转变比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Two Major Changes in the Early Modern Drama in Korea and China

韩中两国现代性戏剧的发生、发展史极为相似。19世纪末20世纪初,先出现改良传统戏曲而成的过渡性戏剧:唱剧(韩)、改良新戏(中),然后再接受日本新派剧的影响而创造出了早期话剧:韩国新派剧和中国文明戏。在这一过程中,韩中两国戏剧史虽有差异,但还是相似点更多。到了从早期话剧到现代话剧的转变时期,韩中两国戏剧史才出现了分歧:中国文明戏早就衰退,没有影响到五四话剧,所以作为五四新文化运动组成部分的话剧运动的发展比较顺利。但因为五四新文化运动一概否定所有的戏剧遗产,导致戏剧实践上有过一些困难。而当时韩国的新派剧还没有衰退,话剧运动的发展不得不与新派剧竞争,经历了不少磨难,其发展速度也比中国同时期话剧慢得多,但在种种困难之下坚持话剧运动的艺术精神绵绵不绝,至1930年代方得以实现。

Before the appearance of the modern drama,there was an attempt to reform the traditional drama in Korea and China.As a result,two similar transitional forms of drama turned up in each country:Changkuk in Korea and Gailiangxinxi in China.After that,the two countries witnessed the emergence of modern drama.The Korean modern drama Shinpakuk and the Chinese modern drama Wenmingxi,both of which were affected by the Japanese modern drama Shinpakeki,had much in common,even though each of them had its own characteristics.In Korea and China,a new stage of modern drama started with the New Drama movement in the 1920 s.From then on,the two countries went their own ways in the development of modern drama.In China,since Wenmingxi declined,the New Drama Movement could make its ideals come true relatively easily in the 1920 s.In Korea,on the other hand,since Shinpakuk was still popular among people at that time,the New Drama Movement could not be active until the 1930 s.