“最近发展区”理论下游戏在学前教育中的作用

The Effect of the Games in the Pre-school Under the Theory of Zone of Proximal Development

游戏是儿童产生高级心理现象的重要源泉,是儿童社会化的重要途径。游戏也是儿童的天性,是学前儿童年龄特点的一种独特的活动形式。维果斯基提出的"最近发展区"概念就是关注儿童的潜能。他把儿童与同龄人的互动看做是开发技能和策略的有效途径。他建议教师使用合作学习,能力较弱的可以在更有技巧的同伴的帮助下得到发展。那么在学前教育中,教师就要充分利用游戏这个手段来帮助孩子到达最近发展区,让孩子的潜能得到最大的发挥。

Game is a crucial source of forming children’s advanced psychological phenomenon, and a vital way of children’s socialization. Game is also the children’s nature, and a special activity form which is in accord with pre-school children’s age characteristic. The concept of Zone of Proximal Development put forward by Vygotsky is focused on the children’s potential. He considered the interaction between children and the peer as a valid mean of developing skills and strategy. He suggested teachers use the teaching method of cooperation, which can help those weak capability develop with the help of more skilled peers. Thus in the pre-school education, teachers should take advantage of the games to help the children reach ZPD as well as release their potential abilities.